Thursday 22 September 2016
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JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW
Co-hosts: Mary Kissel, Wall Street Journal Editorial Board & host of Opinion Journal on WSJ Video. Malcolm Hoenlein, Conference of Presidents.
Hour One
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 1, Block A: Mona Charen, NRO, in re: Debate prep. Also to mention your trenchant sigh of our colleagues: Trump enters the debate with the strength of being himself, unvarnished or poll-tested; he also has a positive forward-looking msg of radical change. Attractive. Third, he’s unpredictable: disciplined Trump? Trump the attack dog?
Also, expectations for him are low; if he shows up a calm and rational. He’ll be acclaimed as having been presidential. Also, his tendency to speak at he fourth-grade level – simple, declarative sentences – may have power were here a sea of words could sweep over people. He can pare down his message to a few simple sentences. He also is very much an alpha male—against a woman opponent. That may or may not be good. If she seems shrill, it's one thing; if he seems bullying, not good for him.
Mrs Clinton’s most obvious strength is her experience, three decades in politics. She has an answer to every question; is much disciplined. “What's your tax policy” What about foreign affairs?” She also has the gender card. She’s calm, in command, gives people confidence that she’s knowledgable, experienced, and a steady hand. Also, she will have prepared intensively, which is not Mr Trump’s way.
Trump doesn't know about foreign policy; is thin-skinned; hasn't prepared. Has not ever been in a one-to-one debate for 90 minutes, no retreat.
Clinton’s weaknesses are her record, her lies, her stiffness.
http://www.nationalreview.com/article/439864/donald-trump-flight-93-analogy-overwrought-inaccurate
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 1, Block B: Edward Hayes, Esq, criminal defense attorney par excellence and columnist for The Daily Beast; in re: Bad guys have circled New York since 1993; Most recent, in Chelsea in Manhattan, last Saturday. The NYPD, the Fire Dept, responded brilliantly. The police of New Jersey also did excellently.
On Monday, when much information was still absent, the NYPD deployed massively: long guns, armored up, amazing. Ray Kelley set up an intel unit that contributed fabulously to this. Bratton always succeeds. During those dark days the cops on the street were not beat cops; had impressive badges—made up of special task forces and odd units; some had very high fitness levels (“They’re giants – all Sampson”). These train differently and harder. Their armor looked like 60 pounds of eqpt on them. New Yorkers strolled up and chatted with them; all warmly amiable. Large Hispanic population in the NYPD; New York has the lowest crime rate in the country.
We have a new Police Commissioner, James O’Neill, who listens to this show and I look forward to welcoming him in the future.
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 1, Block C: Eric Lipton, NYT, in re: How EpiPen—a syringe used to stop a potentially-lethal allergic reaction; desperately needed, esp by children — has figured out how to keep the price high — or even raise it — without patients’ complaining: to shift costs elsewhere. Price has risen five times since 2008; from 8$83 per two-pack (cheap ingredients) is $600 a package now. Company uses lobbyists to obtain a special status, where a patient pays zero and the feds —your taxes, and your insurance premiums—pay the whole amount. If the EpiPen makes the federal preventive list, most Americans would have no insurance co-pay when getting the product. That means they could obtain the medication with no direct cost, regardless of its retail price. Mylan could keep the EpiPen at the current price, or perhaps raise it more, while keeping patient anger at a minimum. Note that the EpiPen lasts for about two years and needs to be replaced often. Also using lobbyists to requite that all airplanes carry this gold-plated commode. Heather Bresch is chief executive of Mylan, earns $18 million per year, is the daughter of Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/16/business/epipen-maker-mylan-preventative-drug-campaign.html
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 1, Block D: Eli Lake. Bloomberg, with Gordon Chang of The Daily Beast, in re: North Korea; Kim Jon-eun, the boy tyrant who murdered his uncle, the regent. Gen Raymond Thomas sees the collapse of North Korea as a worst-case scenario. No special ops channel between the US an DPRK, but US Special Ops Command is continuously planning for he eventuality. However, close cooperation ’twixt US and South Korea. Wendy Sherman spoke directly of the failure of the North Korean regime, as did Gen Sharpe. Arms control community advocates talks with North Korea – a horrible notion “If you promise to scale back on nukes we’ll prop up your nightmare regime.” Washington keeps asking Bejing to do something; Beijing is not in charge of North Korea abut enormously supports and props up the DPRK killers. DPRK-China trade has just shot up to a high, earlier level. What to do? Give a missile defense system to South Korea and other allies; China will squawk; we’ll say, “More of that until you rein in the Kims and they quit holding the world hostage.”
Erdogan: Democracy is like a stret car, you say on it tll you get to the stop you want and then get off.
Hour Two
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 2, Block A: Amb. John Bolton, in re: UNGA. Rouhani with Chuck Press this afternoon: Todd asked about the secret nuke facility in Iran, supposed to have been closed entirely, but it now has a first-rate ground-to-air system. Why is that there? “Iran has a right to defend itself.” Was formally agreed to be converted to a research facility, but now Russia ships the S-300 missile defense system. It's utterly clear that the regime is moving along toward nuclear prowess. Rouhani in a speech criticized the US for violating he nuclear deal!
Iran got $150 billion of assets unfrozen, are off to the races, leaving real instability n their wake. Signatories to the JCPOA met with Iran; clearly are not holding Iran to account, either for violations or for outrageous , dangerous harassment of shipping, Iran’s behavior in the broader context hasn't changed a whit, Iran deal was said to have been made in order to solve Iran’s nuclear behavior and its funding of global terrorism; that’s not happening. Paul Ryan called John Kerry a shill for Iran and said he was acting as the Iranian Chamber of Commerce!
US gave licenses to both Boeing and Airbus to sell hundreds of advanced aircraft to Iran!
Anent Syria: Iran [Jared Zarif] claims that “the US bombed Syria and Israel bombed Syria, so it's all confusing.” How cute of Iran. Iran has accurately sized up Obama and Kerry – they're desperate to keep the deal; on Tuesday, Obama lashed himself to the mast of the Iran deal as the principal accomplishment of his administration. He'll allow nothing cause the deal to come unstuck, gives continuing power to Teheran to continue outrageous behavior. Moral hazard: Iran ad Russia are exempt form being judged.
The period from now till 20 Jan is a time of grave vulnerability.
Also: the next Secretary General of he UN— it's more confused than I expected; an East European may be the winner; or a woman. Or a new candidate who has yet to enter. AN East European could be a thorn in the Russian side, while Moscow makes sure there’ll be a Sovietskii candidate. Does Barack Obama want the job of SG? Yes, he wants a position from which he can preach to the world. Argentina would be no good for Britain; US opposes some candidates; expect heavy negotiating. Does Putin have a choice yet? Russia and US need to agree on a candidate. Long ago the Chinese and I had a meeting and cut the deal for Ban Ky-moon; this round may have to be the same.
· http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-folly-of-fighting-terrorism-by-lawsuit-1473116091
· http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/21/world/barack-obama-unga-2016-united-nations.html?_r=0
· https://www.aei.org/publication/who-will-lead-the-united-nations/
· http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/toby-dershowitz-what-rouhani-didnt-say-at-the-un/
John R. Bolton, a diplomat and a lawyer, has spent many years in public service. From August 2005 to December 2006, he served as the U.S. permanent representative to the United Nations. From 2001 to 2005, he was undersecretary of state for arms control and international security. At AEI, Ambassador Bolton’s area of research is U.S. foreign and national security policy.
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 2, Block B: Emanuele Ottolenghi, in re: Iran/Syria. A hundred aircraft, Boeing and Airbus, for Iran to buy, for Air Iran, which flies missions n Syria. Litmus test for the lifting of the sanctions regime against Iran. Iranian financial system is seen as problematic; a huge reluctance to sell to them but Washington has issued licenses to buy aircraft, which removes a big hurdle. Air Iran has been caught with false manifestos, carrying arms, behaving awfully.
Air hub run by the IRGC at Abadan: Abadan Intl Airport is sty civilian, but important IRGC base there, too. Most of the mil cargo flights in the past year to Syria either leave from or arrive at Abadan; Also Syria Air. Frequent unscheduled flights – Flight 699 made an unscheduled stop there. Iran Air does not deserve to buy aircraft have its technicians trained – this airline is a basic tool of logistical support of [deathly activities].
In January, the national carrier Iran Air signed agreements to buy 118 planes from Airbus, estimated to be worth some 22.8 billion euros ($25 billion). On Sunday, state TV reported that Asghar Fakhrieh Kashan, a deputy transportation minister, said Iran would cut the number of Airbus planes to 112. Base model A320s are listed at an average of $98 million, while A330s start at $231.5 million. That puts the value of the approved 17 aircraft in the first license around at least $1.8 billion and possibly much higher based on list prices, though buyers typically negotiate sizable discounts for bulk orders.
Under Boeing's deal, Iran Air will buy 80 aircraft with a total list price of $17.6 billion, with deliveries beginning in 2017 and running until 2025. Iran Air also will lease 29 new Boeing 737s in a deal that Iranian officials have suggested would be worth some $25 billion in total.
· http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/emanuele-ottolenghi-iran-air-participates-in-syrian-airlift-but-obama-does-nothing/
· http://aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/iran-plane-deals-threaten-boost-in-support-for-assad/639068#
· http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/emanuele-ottolenghi-iran-looks-to-latin-america-to-revive-missile-infrastructure/
· http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/eric-b-lorber-dont-give-iran-cash/
· http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/20/friends-dont-let-friends-do-business-with-iran-un-general-assembly-obama/
Emanuele Ottolenghi is a senior Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and an expert at its Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance focused on Iran. His research has examined Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, including its links to the country’s energy sector and procurement networks. His areas of expertise also include the EU's Middle East policymaking, transatlantic relations, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and Israel's domestic politics. Prior to joining FDD, Dr. Ottolenghi headed the Transatlantic Institute in Brussels and taught Israel Studies at St. Antony's College, Oxford University. He obtained his Ph.D. in political theory at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, preceded by undergraduate studies in political science at the University of Bologna.
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 2, Block C: Rob Satloff, in re: US-Israel relations. Pres Obama and PM Netanyahu agree on some matters but disagree on important policy maters, Had a real if muted clash on the pace process – they have different world views: For Israel, Pal refuses to recognize Israel any way; while for Pres Obama, it's settlement activity Abbas is weak, unable to rein in bad actors. Pres Obama did not demand leading the way to a peace deal, or deeply condemn settlement activity. About the MOU, a huge Congressional uproar over some aspects of the deal - $38 bil is nothing to sneeze at. In any case this MOU can be overturned by the next US president. F35: unprecedented fact – if you don’t spend all money, return it. The left of the Democratic party: a premium to Israel to have a progressive US president endorse ten years of aid – a third of the party or so doesn't support US-Israel ties very much, Having Obama’s stamp on a decade of this is important to Israel. But it doesn’t address security needs; many are critical of the terms in this deal. Capitol Hill is irritated that Obama has deprived Congress of its mandated role of appropriating funds, abd even annoyed that Israel agreed (for the next two years, only).
We're having an intra-American discussion, but the Middle East sees only that the US endorses Israel to the tune of [$38 ?] billion. A piece of this is personal, but a piece is also institutional. Some American defense/DoD groups aretrying to take money back from Israel, are happy to have Pres Obama [lead the way].
· https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/21/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-netanyahu-israel-bilateral
· http://www.timesofisrael.com/six-takeaways-from-another-smiling-display-of-mutual-obama-netanyahu-frustration/
· http://jewishinsider.com/9377/gop-senators-propose-legislation-to-overturn-parts-of-new-mou/
· http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/world/middleeast/obama-netanyahu-israel-palestinians.html?_r=0
· http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/schanzer-jonathan-international-community-must-focus-on-palestinian-unity-not-israel-to-kick/
Robert Satloff has served since 1993 as executive director of The Washington Institute. In that capacity, he oversees all Institute operations and leads the organization's unparalleled team of Middle East scholars, experts and policy practitioners. He also holds the Institute's Howard P. Berkowitz Chair in U.S. Middle East Policy.
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 2, Block D: Eric Trager, author, Arab Fall: in re: Egypt. El Sisi in New York, met with world leaders, also Malcolm Hoenlein and Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Mtgs seen in Cairo as a real success – they see el Sisi as a world leader and applaud him. Islam; counterterrorism, liberty – all came up in the meetings, including Muslim Brotherhood, which often isn't taken seriously [in the US and Europe] as a terrorist group. El Sisi’s govt insists that the rise of the MB was due to Western pressure, but in fact it rose because it was the best-organized party in the 2012 [?] elections. It’s now less of a threat than it was three years ago because al Sisi has dealt with them strongly. Why does the US not call Egyptian MB terrorist when it does so for the Gaza MB (Hamas)?
What is Pres Sisi’s risk? Libya is a failed state, tribal, overrun by multiple warring terrorist groups under different strands of Islamism, sometimes cross into Egypt and kill Egyptians. Sisi had visited the westernmost province three times, worked hard t prevent the long, desert border from from becoming overrun by violence; local tribes of the western desert don’t adhere to national borders, do a lot of smuggling.
Between 2,000 and 3,000 Egyptians have one to fight in Libya to gain battlefield experience so they can return to Egypt to overturn the present government. A security threat to Egypt right now.
The Egyptian economy: very high inflation, bad currency crunch (borowed$1 billion from IMF), and KLM pulled its flights to Cairo this week. Very bad sign.
· http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/how-egyptians-conspiracy-theories-about-clinton-explain-trumps-appeal-to-th
· http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-flow-of-islamist-fighters-from-egypt-to-syria-and-the-sisi-governments
· http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/BeyondIslamists-Trager.pdf
· http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Sisi-meets-Jewish-leaders-praises-Israeli-cooperation-in-war-on-terror-in-Sinai-468292
Eric Trager, the Esther K. Wagner Fellow at The Washington Institute, is an expert on Egyptian politics and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. He was in Egypt during the 2011 anti-Mubarak revolts and returns frequently to conduct firsthand interviews with leaders in Egypt's government, military, political parties, media, and civil society. Dr. Trager has served as an adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania, where his doctoral research focused on Egyptian opposition parties. From 2006-2007, he lived in Egypt as an Islamic Civilizations Fulbright fellow, where he studied at the American University in Cairo and received his M.A. in Arabic studies with a concentration in Islamic studies. He served as a research assistant at The Washington Institute from 2005 to 2006 upon graduation from Harvard University with a degree in government and language citations in Arabic and Hebrew.
Hour Three
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 3, Block A: Michael Rubin, in re: Iran, Kurds. Biden has told the Kurds that they need to heel to the red line drawn by Erdogan, or the US will abandon them. Erdogan agrees to use only mechanized forces to take Mosul or Raqqa, but no infantry, and refuses to let the Kurds participate in liberating Raqqa. Kurds are the strongest fighters against the Islamic State. Turkey’s man concern is the rise of a Kurdish canton in Syria: one exists, is tolerant and secular, is doing well; Turks fear a Kurdish statelet; also that if the Kurds cement control along the Turkish border . . . Iranian Kurds: not in good shape, but an active insurgency is under way in Iran, but unreported in the sealed Iranian press. Kurds are not unified – have been more or less autonomous since 1991; but in Iran, the PKK is popular, and in Syria it's another group. Out of deference to Turkey, the US designates PKK as terrorist, Nutty. Insurgency killed 40m000 people. When Turkey slaughtered and terrorizes Kurds in Eastern Turkey, so Kurds fled that area and moved all over Turkey; thus now are in a stronger position because in effect they‘ve infiltrated the entire Turkish territory.
Can Turks take Raqqa? May not want to – it's Pakistan on the Mediterranean [i.e., deeply duplicitous]. In fact, Erdogan will help Islamic State; Turkish intell runs and funds IS!
Turkish mil stops trucks at the border with weaponry; they're not rewarded but thrown in prison by Turkish intell, MIT. A nasty double game.
Leader of Syrian Kurds refused entry to US, so travels to Moscow. Ergo, Kurds are much more kindly disposed to Russia than to the US. Turks obsessed with extradition of Gulen – the US used to refuse to work w Syrian Kurds, the head of CENTCOM went to Syria to meet with YPG (Syrian Pershmerga); some US special forces were wearing insignia of PKK!
Many of the fighters spoke Kurmanji with a Turkish accent. Kurds are the most effective force vs IS, and never have targeted Americans.
Biden demanding Kurds observe Erdogan’s red line – IS there a Plan B? Sure: everyone regionally will ignore it.
Because of the European jihadist fighters now returning to Europe, we're now speaking of the defense of Europe.
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FETHULLAH GÜLEN Trained as an imam, or prayer leader, Fethullah Gülen gained notice in Turkey some 50 years ago, promoting a philosophy that blended a mystical form of Islam with staunch advocacy of democracy, education, science and interfaith dialogue. Supporters started 1,000 schools in more than 100 countries, including about 150 taxpayer-funded charter schools throughout the U.S. In Turkey, they have run universities, hospitals, charities, a bank and a large media empire with newspapers and radio and TV stations.
Turkish President Recip Tayyip Erdogan has long accused Gülen of plotting to overthrow the officially secular government from a gated 26-acre compound [Golden Generation Worship and Retreat Center] in Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains. Gülen is rarely seen in public and has been put on trial in absentia at least three times.
Some of the U.S. schools have been investigated by the FBI amid allegations of financial mismanagement and visa fraud. One of the most explosive claims is that the schools are importing Turkish teachers to identify impressionable students and indoctrinate them into Gülen's movement, sometimes called Hizmet, Turkish for "service." In May, a complaint filed with Texas education officials accused a network of charter schools associated with the Gülen movement of abusing a visa program to import large numbers of Turkish teachers and violating state and federal laws by paying them more than American teachers.
The complaint also asserted that the network, Harmony Public Schools, skirts competitive bidding rules to award contracts to Turkish vendors. Harmony has denounced the complaint as politically motivated and without merit.
. . . "You couldn't meet a nicer bunch of people," said Howard Beers Jr., a Ross Township supervisor who lives next door and enters the property six or seven days a week, often unannounced and not through the front gate, to do construction work.
"If anyone would walk in on something, it would be me," Beers said. "As long as I have ever been there, I have never, ever, seen a gun or heard a shot. All this stuff is totally, totally unfounded."
. . . Supporters started 1,000 schools in more than 100 countries. In Turkey, they have run universities, hospitals, charities, a bank and a large media empire with newspapers and radio and TV stations.
· https://www.aei.org/publication/irans-bogus-boeing-explanations/
· https://www.aei.org/publication/kurdistan-rising-now-available-in-sorani-kurdish/
· https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Kurdistan-Rising_online-July-15.pdf
· http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/world/middleeast/obama-syria-kurds-isis-turkey-military-commandos.html
· http://www.wsj.com/articles/iraqi-kurds-seize-islamic-state-held-land-bolstering-leverage-for-future-1473903162
· http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/09/19/what-the-turkish-intervention-means-for-syrian-kurds/#55e463e07bf4
Michael Rubin is a former Pentagon official whose major research areas are the Middle East, Turkey, Iran and diplomacy. Rubin instructs senior military officers deploying to the Middle East and Afghanistan on regional politics, and teaches classes regarding Iran, terrorism, and Arab politics on board deploying U.S. aircraft carriers. Rubin has lived in post-revolutionary Iran, Yemen, both pre- and post-war Iraq, and spent time with the Taliban before 9/11. His newest book, Dancing with the Devil: The Perils of Engaging Rogue Regimes, examines a half-century of U.S. diplomacy with rogue regimes and terrorist groups.
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 3, Block B: Malcolm “Indiana” Hoenlein, Conference of Presidents, in re: Holy Land archaeology; Netanyahu, Obama, et al.
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 3, Block C: Robert Zimmerman, behind the black, in re: NASA to Hold Media Call on Evidence of Surprising Activity on Europa NASA will host a teleconference at 2 p.m. EDT Monday, Sept. 26, to present new findings from images captured by the agency’s Hubble Space Telescope of Jupiter’s icy moon, Europa.
Astronomers will present results from a unique Europa observing campaign that resulted in surprising evidence of activity that may be related to the presence of a subsurface ocean on Europa. Participants in the teleconference will be:
Paul Hertz, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington
William Sparks, astronomer with the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore
Britney Schmidt, assistant professor at the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta
Jennifer Wiseman, senior Hubble project scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland
To participate by phone, media must contact Dwayne Brown at 202-358-1726 or dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov and provide their media affiliation no later than noon Monday.
Audio of the teleconference will stream live on NASA’s website at: http://www.nasa.gov/live
For information about NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/hubble http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-hold-media-call-on-evidence-of-surprising-activity-on-europa (1 of 2)
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 3, Block D: Robert Zimmerman, behind the black (2 of 2)
Hour Four
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 4, Block A: Tunku Varadarajan, Hoover, in re: Review of India in Fifty Lives. A similar book about America—“The United States in 50 Lives,” as it were—would be awash with entrepreneurial names. Not so with India, which for the first 41/2 decades of its independence treated capitalists like moneyed underlings. The imperial Brits were no better, stifling Indian business in regulations designed to protect Britain’s India- and Asia-based companies. It was not until 1991 that India came to see the need for a free-ish economy, and that shift was thanks to P.V. Narasimha Rao, the prime minister who took the first leap in the direction of free markets. He is not one of this book’s 50, which is a scandal. The full piece: http://www.wsj.com/arti (1 or 2)
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 4, Block B: Tunku Varadarajan, Hoover, in re: Review of India in Fifty Lives. (2 of 2)
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 4, Block C: Nerilie Abram, Associate Professor & Senior Research Fellow, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University; in re: Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents (Nerilie J. Abram, Helen V. McGregor, Jessica E. Tierney, Michael N. Evans, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman Nature 536, 411–418 (25 August 2016) doi:10.1038/nature19082 24 August 2016Art)
The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the processes that control regional warming. Here we use post-AD 1500 palaeoclimate records to show that sustained industrial-era warming of the tropical oceans first developed during the mid-nineteenth century and was nearly synchronous with Northern Hemisphere continental warming. The early onset of sustained, significant warming in palaeoclimate records and model simulations suggests that greenhouse forcing of industrial-era warming commenced as early as the mid-nineteenth century and included an enhanced equatorial ocean response mechanism. The development of Southern Hemisphere warming is delayed in reconstructions, but this apparent delay is not reproduced in climate simulations. Our findings imply that instrumental records are too short to comprehensively assess anthropogenic climate change and that, in some regions, about 180 years of industrial-era warming has already caused surface temperatures to emerge above pre-industrial values, even when taking natural variability into account (1 of 2) http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v536/n7617/full/nature19082.html
Thursday 22 September 2016 / Hour 4, Block D: Nerilie Abram, Associate Professor & Senior Research Fellow, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University; in re: Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents (2 of 2)
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