Photo, above: The Sack of Rome occurred on August 24, 410. The city was attacked by the Visigoths, led by Alaric I. At that time, Rome was no longer the capital of the Western Roman Empire, having been replaced in this position by Ravenna in 402. Nevertheless, the city of Rome retained a paramount position as "the eternal city" and a spiritual center of the Empire. The sack was to prove a major shock to contemporaries, friends and foes of the Empire alike.

This was the first time in almost 800 years that Rome had fallen to an enemy. The previous sack of Rome had been accomplished by the Gauls under their leader Brennus in 387 BC. The sacking of 410 is seen as a major landmark in the fall of the Western Roman Empire. St. Jerome, living in Bethlehem at the time, wrote that "The City which had taken the whole world was itself taken."

JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW

Hour One

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 1, Block A: Why Science Does Not Disprove God, by Amir Aczel  (1 of 4)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 1, Block B: Why Science Does Not Disprove God, by Amir Aczel  (2 of 4)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 1, Block C: Why Science Does Not Disprove God, by Amir Aczel  (3 of 4)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 1, Block D: Why Science Does Not Disprove God, by Amir Aczel  (4 of 4)

Hour Two

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 2, Block A: Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy, by John Julius Norwich (1 of 2)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 2, Block B: Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy, by John Julius Norwich (2 of 2)

 

Critical praise for ABSOLUTE MONARCHS  “Absolute Monarchs sprawls across Europe and the Levant, over two millenniums, and with an impossibly immense cast: 265 popes, feral hordes of Vandals, Huns and Visigoths, expansionist emperors, Byzantine intriguers, Borgias and Medicis, heretic zealots, conspiring clerics, bestial inquisitors and more. Norwich manages to organize this crowded stage and produce a rollicking narrative. He keeps things moving at nearly beach-read pace.”  —Bill Keller, New York Times Book Review, Cover review

“Renowned historian Norwich offers a rollicking account of the men who held the papal office, their shortcomings and their virtues, and the impact of the papacy on world history. He conducts us masterfully on a tour of the lives of the popes from Peter to Benedict XVI. . . . Entertaining and deeply researched, Norwich’s history offers a wonderful introduction to papal lives.”  —Publishers Weekly

“Historian, travel writer, and television documentarian Norwich presents an excellent, often surprising history of that 2,000-year-old institution….he focuses on political history as he traces the evolution of the papacy as an institution, while at the same time providing entertaining profiles of the most historically significant popes….An outstanding historical survey.”  —Booklist

“When Norwich writes, I read; this member of the House of Lords is a notable and engrossing historian, perhaps best known for his monumental study of Byzantium. Here he offers a history of the nearly two-millennia-old papacy that should be popular with many readers.”  —Library Journal

“A spirited, concise chronicle of the accomplishments of the most noteworthy popes. . . . Norwich doesn’t skirt controversies, ancient and present, in this broad, clear-eyed assessment.”  —Kirkus Reviews

 A SWEEPING CHRONICLE OF ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT—AND CONTROVERSIAL—INSTITUTIONS IN HISTORY   With the papacy embattled in recent years, it is essential to have the perspective of one of the world’s most accomplished historians. In Absolute Monarchs, John Julius Norwich captures nearly two thousand years of inspiration and devotion, intrigue and scandal. The men (and maybe one woman) who have held this position of infallible power over millions have ranged from heroes to rogues, admirably wise to utterly decadent. Norwich, who knew two popes and had private audiences with two others, recounts in riveting detail the histories of the most significant popes and what they meant politically, culturally, and socially to Rome and to the world.

Norwich presents such brave popes as Innocent I, who in the fifth century successfully negotiated with Alaric the Goth, an invader civil authorities could not defeat, and Leo I, who two decades later tamed (and perhaps paid off) Attila the Hun. Here, too, are the scandalous figures: Pope Joan, the mythic woman said (without any substantiation) to have been elected in 855, and the infamous “pornocracy,” the five libertines who were descendants or lovers of Marozia, debauched daughter of one of Rome’s most powerful families.

Absolute Monarchs brilliantly portrays reformers such as Pope Paul III, “the greatest pontiff of the sixteenth century,” who reinterpreted the Church’s teaching and discipline, and John XXIII, who in five short years starting in 1958 “opened up the church to the twentieth century,” instituting reforms that led to Vatican II. Norwich brings the story to the present day with Benedict XVI, who is coping with a global priest sex scandal.

Epic and compelling, Absolute Monarchs is the astonishing story of some of history’s most revered and reviled figures, men who still cast light and shadows on the Vatican and the world today.

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 2, Block C: Why We Should Call Ourselves Christians: The Religious Roots of Free Societies, by Marcello Pera (1 of 2)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 2, Block D: Why We Should Call Ourselves Christians: The Religious Roots of Free Societies, by Marcello Pera (2 of 2)

Hour Three

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 3, Block A: Red State Religion: Faith and Politics in America's Heartland, by Robert Wuthnow (1 of 2)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 3, Block B: Red State Religion: Faith and Politics in America's Heartland, by Robert Wuthnow (2 of 2)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 3, Block C: The Power of the Prophetic Blessing, by John Hagee (1 of 2)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 3, Block D: The Power of the Prophetic Blessing, by John Hagee (2 of 2)

Hour Four

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 4, Block A: JFK, Conservative, by Ira Stoll (1 of 4)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 4, Block B: JFK, Conservative, by Ira Stoll (2 of 4)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 4, Block C: JFK, Conservative, by Ira Stoll (3 of 4)

Sunday 26 October  2014  / Hour 4, Block D: JFK, Conservative, by Ira Stoll (4 of 4)